Outcasts are people without an organized
faction, not to be confused with
Independent Factions, they are people that have been shunned by their former faction through a ((Faction Leadership|voting process). Being Outcast means they have no protection from enemies, and are often even preyed upon by their former faction immediately, more often than not by triggering (orders|standing fleet orders)).
Outcasts can apply to join another faction, or even reapply to their old ones. Such applications are also voted on by the leadership, though being accepting into a faction requires less votes than being outcast.